Al Rayyan (sometimes spelled Ar Rayyan) is the state of Qatar's second-largest municipality. Its principal settlement is the city of the same name, which comprises the entire eastern section and primarily surrounds and serves as a suburb of Metropolitan Doha. The municipality also administers a large area of primarily undeveloped territory in the south-west.
On a land area of 5,819.5 square kilometres, Al Rayyan is home to 455,623 people.
The municipality of Al Rayyan was named after a topographical feature in the city of Al Rayyan. The city gets its name from the Arabic word "ray", which means "irrigation." This name was given to it because of its low height, which allowed it to function as a flood plain and offer a steady supply of water to the myriad plants that flourished within its boundaries.
In March 1893, Qataris and Ottomans clashed at the recently constructed Al Wajbah Fort, approximately 10 miles west of Old Doha. The battle between the Ottoman Empire and Qatar is seen as a key moment in the establishment of Qatar as a modern state.
The Ministry of Municipality and Urban Planning established Al Rayyan Municipality as an independent municipal administration in 1972.
Al Rayyan Municipality merged with Al Jemailiya Municipality in 2004, and Jariyan Al Batnah Municipality was partitioned into Al Rayyan and Al Wakrah Municipalities. The Doha Industrial Area, also known as Zone 58, was detached from Al Rayyan and merged into the Doha Municipality, resulting in the formation of a Doha exclave.
Al Rayyan is bounded to the northeast by Umm Salal, to the north by Al-Khor, to the east by Doha, and to the southeast by Al Wakrah. It is divided into two sections: the west, which is made up of dispersed rural towns, farms, and open desert, and the east, which comprises Al Rayyan, an urban outpost of Metropolitan Doha's westward growth.
Several schools have relocated from Doha to Al Rayyan due to lower operating expenses and greater proximity to students.
Several institutions have primary campuses in Education City, a city-scale project by the Qatar Foundation stretched across Al Rayyan City's Al Gharrafa, Gharrafat Al Rayyan, and Al Shagub districts.
The municipality contains a variety of historic forts, the majority of which are located within Al Rayyan City. Al Wajbah Fort, for example, was the site of a conflict between the Ottomans and Qataris in the conflict of Al Wajbah in 1892.
Education City, which contains the majority of Qatar's institutions, is distributed across Al Rayyan City's Al Gharrafa, Gharrafat Al Rayyan, and Al Shagub districts, as are other Qatar Foundation institutes, including the Qatar Science & Technology Park and the Qatar National Convention Centre.
The municipality is home to several multi-sport clubs, including Al Rayyan SC, Al-Gharafa SC, Muaither SC, Mesaimeer SC, and Al Sailiya SC. All of these are located within Al Rayyan City.
Al Rayyan is home to a horse racing and equestrian club. Aspire Tower and Aspire Park are also located within the municipality, notably on Al Waab Street in Baaya, an Al Rayyan City area. Villaggio Mall, a large-scale Venetian-style mall, is also located in the Baaya neighbourhood. Doha Zoo is located in Al Aziziya, close to these attractions.
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